The Israel Defense Forces launched several programs to improve the management and tracking of ground forces, both on the low tactical level as well as the theater and operational level. Since the 1956 war the IDF implemented various signage to mark its own forces, and improve coordination between air and ground elements. Currently, activities are focused at improving the identification and coordination between infantry forces operating in urban terrain (MOUT), where recent misshapes and combat losses have demonstrated the urgent need for such capability. Among the systems used are the Combat Identification System (CID) for infantry troops, and Automatic Soldier Tracking System (ASTS) which collects an automatic situational picture of all forces at a certain area. Other efforts are aimed at better allocation of combat zones and improving coordination between neighboring units operated in a small area (such as in MOUT).