Each FIST fire team comprises a commander, grenadier and two
riflemen. The basic weapon used is the SA-80A2 individual weapon.
All team members will use this rifle in different configuration.
The grenadier also carries a 40mm grenade launcher, the rifleman
- marksman is armed with a long barrel version of the SA-80
and the rifleman gunner carries a light machine gun. Accurate
firepower, particularly by machine gun and UGL (which will be
armed with lethal and less than lethal ammunition) will enable
the fire team to engage targets at short and medium range, maneuvering
effectively and issue less than lethal warning effects.
All weapons are equipped with close-quarter optical sights.
For the FIST trials, COGS sights were supplied to commanders
and grenadiers. Gunners operated the Qioptiq VIPIR thermal day
sight and the marksman a lightweight day sight. Grenadiers used
ISTEC quadrant sight with EOTECH optic sights and Vectronix
laser rangefinder. With the improved weapon, grenadiers were
able to score better first-round hits.
For target acquisition, reconnaissance and observation, commanders
used the Moskito, handheld day/night Commander Target Locator
(CTL) from Vectronix. This device provides x5 magnification
in day (x3 at night) while measuring range and bearing to the
target. An Off-Axis Viewing Device developed by Ocutek was also
tested. The system can be used from behind cover, for target
detection and recognition from useful ranges, facilitating safe
observation from behind obstacles and walls. Remotely operated
and viewed on a console or a wrist mounted display, the system
captures stores and replays selected images for further intelligence
analysis.
The electronic ensemble of the FIST consists of several common
modules, some are identical to all users and others are role-
specific. All FIST team members will use a voice and data radio
with embedded GPS. The actual C4I gear carried by each soldier
will be tailored to his role and missions. The commander will
also get a computer, display and CTL link, enabling him to carry
out selected missions, such as navigation, reporting, situation
analysis, planning and target hand-off functions.
According to John Foley, FIST program Technical Director at
Thales, During testing, the limitations of personal radios and
low-power data radios became evident, since they are operating
within very strict limitation of dimensions and power (RF emission
levels, antenna length and height etc.) These were especially
restrictive in rough and even mildly forested terrain. Soldier
posture also affected radio performance, especially in kneeling
and prone positions behind cover, which also shields radio emission.
The FIST C4I-Soldier system selected for Combined Operational
Effectiveness and Investment Appraisal (COEIA) trials included
the Cobham C3I system and the Microlight radio from Raytheon.
The full C4I-Commander ensemble weighed about five kg and could
sustain six hours of operation.
The present individual radio used by British infantry teams
consists of the Personal Role Radio, networked at the platoon
level. The reach of the PRR could be extended to the company
level, utilizing future Bowman 354 sets. The radio will also
be integrated with the platoon's vehicles, get encryption and
data transfer capability, embedded with GPS and link to a hand-held
computer. The PRR will be able to support Low Latency, Enhanced
Situational Awareness (ELSA) functionality as well as report
the location and status of lost individuals.
Future FIST developments will be structured into several increments.
The first will utilize the baseline FIST suite, including the
weapons, communications, and navigation and computing for commanders
(situational reporting) and personal gear. The second increment
will employ upgrades to the original systems, particularly as
Bowman systems are enhanced to enable further integration within
command and control elements. Further increments will also include
weapons enhancements.
The FIST gear is still quite heavy, especially the ballistic
protection, where weight reduction is recommended. The most
significant constraint on FIST is power. According to Col. A.G.
Bain, British Army Force Development Headquarters Infantry,
at the section level, the Army plans to use the FIST with Personal
Equipment and Operational Clothing (PECOC), Bowman radio system,
man-pack ECM system to ward of IEDs and a future family of small
arms system (FFSAS). At platoon level, the army is looking for
the fielding of an anti-structure munition (ASM), 60m mortar.
This vehicle will also be able to supply power recharging during
extended missions. The equipment used by the fire team will
be standardized across a range of modular systems including
weapons, sights, night vision systems and communications of
which fire teams will be able to share and swap modeling the
special-forces 'golf bag' concept.
Colonel Bain admitted that while the sensible optimum weight
of personal gear and equipment should not exceed 25 kg, the
current load reaches 52 kg and more. One of the possible solutions
to this problem is to offload some of the weight onto a robust
load carrier. The British Army plans to field the new organic
Ultra-Light Utility Vehicle (ULUV), to carry some of the platoon's
extra loads.